Understanding the different levels of English proficiency can help you set goals and track your progress. Learn about the CEFR framework and what each level means for your learning journey.
The CEFR Framework
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is the most widely used system for describing English language ability. It divides English proficiency into six levels, organized into three groups: Basic (A1-A2), Independent (B1-B2), and Proficient (C1-C2).
This framework helps you understand where you are in your learning journey and what you need to achieve to reach the next level.
A1 - Beginner
At A1 level, you can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases. You can introduce yourself and others, ask and answer simple questions about personal details, and interact in a simple way if the other person speaks slowly and clearly.
You know basic vocabulary (around 500-700 words) and can form simple sentences about yourself, your family, and immediate needs.
A2 - Elementary
At A2 level, you can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of immediate relevance. You can communicate in simple and routine tasks, describe aspects of your background and immediate environment, and express needs in simple terms.
Your vocabulary expands to around 1,000-1,500 words, and you can handle short conversations about familiar topics.
B1 - Intermediate
At B1 level, you can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. You can deal with most situations likely to arise while traveling, produce simple connected text on topics of interest, and describe experiences, events, dreams, and ambitions.
You have a vocabulary of around 2,000-3,000 words and can engage in conversations about familiar topics with some confidence.
B2 - Upper Intermediate
At B2 level, you can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. You can interact with native speakers with a degree of fluency and spontaneity, produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects, and explain viewpoints on topical issues.
Your vocabulary reaches around 4,000-5,000 words, and you can handle most social and professional situations.
C1 - Advanced
At C1 level, you can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts and recognize implicit meaning. You can express yourself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions, use language flexibly for social, academic, and professional purposes, and produce clear, well-structured text on complex subjects.
You have a vocabulary of around 6,000-8,000 words and can handle complex discussions and professional situations.
C2 - Proficiency
At C2 level, you can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. You can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstruct arguments in a coherent presentation, and express yourself spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in complex situations.
You have a vocabulary of 10,000+ words and can use English at near-native level in almost all situations.
How to Determine Your Level
Many language schools offer placement tests to determine your current level. You can also take online tests or self-assess based on the descriptions above. Understanding your level helps you choose appropriate courses and set realistic learning goals.
Remember: progress through levels takes time. Moving from one level to the next typically requires 200-300 hours of study, depending on your learning style and dedication.
